References & Citations

QUICK GUIDE FOR REFERENCE AND CITATION (APA style 7th edition)

REFERENCES EXAMPLES

 BOOK REFERENCES

  1. Whole authored book

Outline of reference

One author: Last names, Author name initials. (year of publication). Title of the book in italics (edition). Editorial. DOI

Two authors: Last names, Name initials Author1., & Last names, Name initials Author2. (year of publication). Title of the book in italics (edition). Editorial. DOI

Three authors or more: Last names, Name initials Author1., Last names, Name initials Author2., Last names, Name initials Author3., & Last names, Name initials AuthorX. (year of publication). Title of the book in italics (edition). Editorial. DOI

Example

One author: Jackson, L.M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

Two authors: Mankiw, N.G., & Taylor, M.P. (2010) Macroeconomics (1st ed.). Worth.

Three or more authors: Bestratén Belloví, M., Hernández Calleja, A., Luna Mendaza, P., Nogareda Cuixart, C., Nogareda Cuixart, S., Oncis de Frutos, M. & Solé Gómez, M.D. (2003). Ergonomía. INSHT

  1. Whole edited book

Outline of reference

One editor: Last names, Name initials Editor. (Ed.). (year of publication). Title of the book in italics. Editorial. DOI

Two editors: Last names, Name initials Editor1., & Last names, Name initials Editor2. (Eds.) (year of publication). Title of the book in italics. Editorial. DOI

Three editors or more: Last names, Name initials Editor1., Last names, Name initials Editor2., Last names, Name initials Editor3., & Last names, Name initials EditorX. (Eds.). (year of publication). Title of the book in italics. Editorial. DOI

Example

One editor: Kesharwani, P. (Ed.). (2020). Nanotechnology based approaches for tuberculosis treatment. Academic Press.

Two authors: Hygum, E., & Pedersen, P. M. (Eds.). (2010). Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk/

Three editors or more: Torino, G. C., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., & Sue, D. W. (Eds.). (2019). Microaggression theory: Influence and implications. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466642

  1. Edited book chapter

Outline of reference

Last names, Name initials Author1., & Last names, Name initials Author2. (year of publication). Title of the book chapter. In Editor Name initials. Last name (Ed.), Title of the whole book in italics (pages of the book chapter). Editorial. DOI

Example

Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–bodyhealth. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American P sychologicalAssociation. https:// doi.org/10.1037/0000157- 00

 

 JOURNAL ARTICLE REFERENCE

  1. Whole authored book

Outline of reference

Last names, Name initials Author1., & Last names, Name initials Author2. (year of publication). Title of the article. Title of the journal in italics, volume of the journal (number of the journal), pages of the article. DOI

Example

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

 

 CONFERENCE REFERENCE

  1. Conference presentation

Outline of reference

Last names, Name initials Author1., & Last names, Name initials Author2. (year of publication, month, day(s)). Title of the presentation in italics [Conference presentation]. Title of the conference, place of holding. URL of the resource

Example

Evans, A. C., Garbarino, J., Bocanegra, E., Kinscherff, R. T., & Márquez-Greene, N. (2019, August 8–11). Gun violence: An event on the power of community [Conference presentation]. APA 2019 Convention, Chicago, IL, United States. https://convention.apa.org/2019-video

  1. Conference proceedings published in a journal

Outline of reference

Last names, Name initials Author1., & Last names, Name initials Author2. (year of publication, month, day(s)). Title of the article. Proceedings + title of the journal in italics, place of holding in italics, volume of journal (number of journal), pages of the article. URL of the resource

Example

Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 23499–23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116

  1. Conference proceedings published as a whole book

Outline of reference

Last names, Name initials Editor1., Last names, Name initials Editor2., Last names, Name initials Editor3., & Last names, Name initials EditorX. (Eds.). (year of publication). Title of the book in italics: Volume number in italics. Title of the conference in italics. Editorial. DOI

Example

Kushilevitz, E., & Malkin, T. (Eds.). (2016). Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 9562. Theory of cryptography. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49096-9

  1. Conference proceedings published as a book chapter

Outline of reference

Last names, Name initials Author1., Last names, Name initials Author2., & Last names, Name initials Author3. (year of publication). Title of the chapter book. In Editor name initials. Last name (Ed.), Title of the book in italics: Volume number in italics. Title of the conference in italics (Pages of the chapter book). Editorial. DOI

Example

Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., & Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas, & P. Pardalos (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 11353. Learning and intelligent optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_21



 PUBLISHED DISSERTATION OR THESIS REFERENCES

  1. Published PhD Thesis

Outline of reference

Last names, Author name initials. (year of publication). Title of the thesis in italics (Publication number) [Doctoral dissertation, University name]. Editorial. URL of the resource

Example

Miranda, C. (2019). Exploring the lived experiences of foster youth who obtained graduate level degrees: Self-efficacy, resilience, and the impact on identity development (Publication No. 27542827) [Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University]. PQDT Open. https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/2309521814.html?FMT=AI

Zambrano-Vazquez, L. (2016). The interaction of state and trait worry on response monitoring in those with worry and obsessive-compulsive symptoms [Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona]. UA Campus Repository. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/620615

  1. Unpublished PhD Thesis

Outline of reference

Last names, Author name initials. (year of publication). Title of the thesis in italics [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University name.

Example

Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.

 

Observations

  • For references of works by the same author and from the same year, they should be organised with a, b, c, etc. following the date. These letters are assigned within the reference list, which is sorted alphabetically by the surname of the first author.

Example:

Mustoe, G. (2018a). Mineralogy and geochemistry of late Eocene silicified wood from Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, Colorado. In H.W. Meyer, & D.M. Smith (Eds.), Paleontology of the Upper Eocene Florissant Formation (pp. 127–140). Geological Society of America, Special Paper 435. https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2435(09)

Mustoe, G. (2018b). Mineralogy of Non-Silicified Fossil Wood. Geosciences, 8(3), pp. 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8030085

Mustoe, G. (2018c). Non-Mineralized Fossil Wood. Geosciences, 8(6), 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8060223

 

 

IN-TEXT CITATIONS EXAMPLES

One author: (Jackson, 2019)

Two authors: (Mankiw & Taylor, 2010)

Three authors: (Bestratén Belloví et al., 2003)

Citing more than one reference: (Jackson, 2019; Mankiw & Taylor, 2010; Bestratén Belloví et al., 2003)

Citing authors with multiple works from the same year: (Mitchell, 2017a) Or (Mitchell, 2017b).

Citing multiple works of the same author: (Mitchell, 2007, 2013, 2017)

 

 

References

American Phychological Association. (2021). APA style. Reference Examples. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

Mendeley. (2020). APA format citation guide. https://www.mendeley.com/guides/apa-citation-guide